Pap smear test: Cancer Council Victoria: NEVDGP

The Pap test is a quick and simple test used to check for changes to the cells of the cervix that may lead to cervical cancer. A doctor or nurse Pap test provider takes a sample of cells from the surface of the cervix and smears them onto a glass slide. The slide is sent to a laboratory for analysis and results are usually available within a week.

Most Pap tests results are normal. A small number show changes in the cells of the cervix but most of these changes are minor infections which can be easily treated or clear up naturally. In a very small number of cases the changes may develop into cervical cancer if left untreated. When detected early, changes to the cells of the cervix are easy to treat. That is why having a Pap test every 2 years is so important.

What is cervical screening?

The Pap test is a screening test, not a diagnostic test. This means that women without symptoms are tested at regular intervals (every 2 years) to check for abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix. If changes are found, further tests are usually conducted, depending on the type of abnormal change.

Screening for cervical cancer is possible because the cervical cells pass through a series of detectable changes before they become cancerous. Treatment at this stage is usually simple and successful.
Pap test screening has been available in Australia since the 1960s and each year saves 1,000 women from developing cervical cancer. No screening test is 100 per cent accurate, but it is still the best method we have to prevent cervical cancer.

Why every 2 years?

To get the most benefit from screening, all women between the ages of 18 and 70, who have ever been sexually active, should have a Pap test every 2 years. Most cases of cervical cancer take at least 10 years to develop. Any changes that are missed on one test are usually picked up 2 years later before they become a serious problem. Having a Pap test more frequently is unnecessary unless your doctor advises it.

What a Pap test can and can't detect

A Pap test can pick up the most common type of cervical cancer - squamous cell carcinoma. It is less effective at detecting adenocarcinoma, which is a far less common condition. A Pap test does not check for ovarian cancer or any other types of cancer or conditions in the reproductive system. It does not check for sexually transmitted diseases. It only checks the cells of the cervix for unusual changes.

For more information about Pap tests or cervical cancer contact your local doctor, health service or The Cancer Council Victoria's Cancer Information and Support Service on 13 11 20. www.papscreen.org/ps/v_media/fact_sheets/pap_test.shtml

What is a Pap test?